SAPHEA Gamebook v3

{ (set: $tech to $tech +10) } "As a GeoDHC expert," says Ayman, "I think you need to understand how to integrate geothermal energy into your current network. I’ve identified three scenarios for integrating shallow and deep geothermal energy into heating and cooling networks." - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Basic scenarios", "Basic scenarios are simpler in design, already commonly used throughout Europe or its countries (i.e. Shallow geothermal & Free cooling - DC Network, with SourceT [°C]5-25, it could be either aquifer or ground, GridT [°C]0-15).") - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Complex scenarios", "Complex scenarios are combinations of different technologies (i.e. storage scenarios or scenarios using HTHP --> Hydrothermal + HTHP - MT/HT Network, SourceT [°C] 30-90, aquifer, GridT [°C] 60 - 120) already installed in some places.") - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Future scenarios", "Future scenarios, though not state of the art yet, hold promise. They rely on emerging technologies like EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) and AGS (advanced geothermal systems), which are not market-ready but offer potential for innovative energy solutions in the future."). He continues: "In this context a scenario represents a certain technological setup comprising geothermal installation (source or storage), a district heating/cooling network, and in some cases, an additional heat pump." "Did you have any idea? Do you know which one would fit better for $city?" "[[I don't know what to choose]]" "[[Yes, I think I know enough]] for $city" , you say.

{ (set: $tech to $tech +10) } "In the matter of catalogue of spatial datasets," he starts "i think the D2.3 of the SAPHEA project is quite useful and understandable". "Could you summarize it to me?", you ask "Sure!" he replies "The file collects guidelines for data preparation and a catalogue of spatial datasets useful for evaluating geothermal potential. Initially, the guidelines for data preparation are set out in the report - Data must be published following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles; - Data must be harmonised in format, projection ((text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "EPSG:3035", "European Petroleum Survey Group is a body that defines and publishes a list of spatial reference systems, including map projections. While 3035: This is a unique identification code that, in the EPSG register, identifies the specific projection ‘European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) - European Datum with grid projection")), and structure (e.g. GeoTIFF for raster, GeoJSON or CSV for vector); - Publication on platforms such as GitLab with standardised metadata." You nod and ask to [[continue->2]]

WORK-IN-PROGRESS PAGE. As soon as it is available, we will attach the results of deliverable D3.2 of the SAPHEA project “Open-source toolbox for early-stage investment decision support and strategic planning”. The toolbox will cover a chain of different routines and applications to enable analyses of technological sustainability and socio-economic options for the implementation of geoHC networks across Europe, about geographic datasets. By default, the new datasets developed in the project will cover the whole of Europe at a limited spatial resolution. However, the toolbox will offer import functions for the use of local data with higher spatial resolution by users. The toolbox will be based on open-source codes and will be openly accessible. Thanks for your understanding. [[Go back->Ayman]]

{ (set: $assistant to "Advisor Ayman") (set: $progresso to $progresso +20) (set: $tech_on to 1) (set: $tech to 10) (set: $ambiente to "Ayman") } MEET AYMAN, THE TECHNICAL ADVISOR "Hi, my name is Ayman, your technical consultant and I deal with Integration of Geothermal Energy into District Heating and Cooling Networks. During my working life I have had various experiences and learned different skills, so I could help you by guiding you in 3 different aspects: Investment [[decision support and strategic planning->3.2]] Possible [[scenarios->2.2]] for geoDHC plant Catalogue of [[spatial datasets->2.3]], let me give you a piece of advice, before you try this step you should be sure to know about scenarios, otherwise it would be better to start from there."

Giovanna introduces the benefits of geothermal energy, describing it as: - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Efficient", "Efficient for heating and cooling, with a high COP (Coefficient of Performance) of 3 to 5. It requires minimal energy, and has low operating and maintenance costs"); - (colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Reliable and constantly available", "Reliable and constantly available, powered by the Earth's constant internal heat. Unlike solar or wind energy, it’s reliable 24/7, using heat from radioactive decay and core temperature for heating, cooling, and power generation, therefore representing a sustainable solution for long-term use"); - (colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Quiet", "Quiet, non-invasive and suitable for urban contexts. It doesn’t need large spaces and operates silently, making it perfect for urban and residential areas."). "Does it require little maintenance over time, right?" you ask. "Exactly! It’s durable, safe and with low operating and maintenance costs. All beneficial effects," she replies enthusiastically. "And you should know that geothermal energy has also social benefits! Would you like to [[learn more about these->Social benefits of geothermal]], or understand [[what to consider to implement a geothermal infrastructure->Implementing a geothermal infrastructure]]?" “That sounds promising!” you say.

{ (if: ($model is 1) and ($publicprivate is 1) and ($localpublic is 1) and ($communities is 1))[(set: $financial to $financial +20)] (set: $bizconclusion to 1) } "In conclusion," Jin affirms, "the analysis of business models for geothermal heating and cooling (geoDHC) networks showcases a variety of approaches, each with distinct advantages and challenges. The business models presented offer significant opportunities for advancing renewable energy in Europe. Moreover, by addressing technical, economic, and regulatory challenges through targeted policies and financial initiatives, geoHC networks can be vital in tackling European sustainability challenges." Then she adds: "Do you need more information about the public financial model?" You nod and thank Jin, hoping to see her again. Eventually, she says: "Great! Now you can go back to to check other [[financial advices->Jin]] or to [[The Advisors' Square]] if you don't need more!"

{ (if: $bizconclusion is 0)[(set: $financial to $financial +10)] } “Sure", Jin answers. "The business models pertinent and suitable with geoDHC are the following: (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Local public companies", "Local public companies: Traditional model leveraging public funding and local expertise to address community needs in geoHC network development and management."); (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Public-Private project company", "Public-Private project company: Collaborative projects where public oversight combines with private sector implementation to facilitate large-scale geoHC networks."); (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Private self-consumption", "Model for private self-consumption: Industrial partners independently develop geoHC systems for their own energy needs, as demonstrated by Janssen Pharmaceutical. This model supports energy independence and sustainability but requires high upfront investments and technical expertise"); (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "The decoupled model", "The decoupled model: Specialised entities handle distinct phases of geoHC projects, enhancing efficiency and resource utilisation, as illustrated by ENEL Green Power in Italy. Successful adoption requires stakeholder coordination and a supportive regulatory framework"); (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Energy Communities", "Energy Communities: Citizen-driven initiatives that promote local energy management, enhance public acceptance of renewable projects, and facilitate investments. These communities take various forms (e.g., cooperatives) and benefit from EU regulatory support")." "It seems that I need a help", you add. “Not at all. As confirmed during a cross-thematic workshop organised by SAPHEA in Paris on 09.09.2024,", she says, "the (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "PPP", "Private-Public Partnership") appears to be the most used business model in geoHC project development, followed by public (2nd) and private (3rd)." "You are able to reassure me, Jin", you smile at her. "Please, don't flatter me", she [[replies->Public model]].

{ (set: $assistant to "Advisor Camille") (set: $progresso to $progresso +20) (set: $societal_on to 1) (set: $societal to 10) (set: $ambiente to "Camille") } MEET CAMILLE, THE SOCIETAL ADVISOR "Hi, I'm Camille, a researcher in societal readiness," she smiles to you. "Hi Camille", you say, "nice to meet you. What you mean for societal readiness?" "My competence is about the growing importance of legal and societal factors in European technology projects, especially those funded by the EU. These factors can be assessed in various ways by project leaders. For instance," she continues, "societal readiness is increasingly considered in Europe, particularly in regions benefiting from the (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "ERDF", "European Regional Development Fund") investment in research and innovation." "Let me know [[more->part2]]", you add.

{ (set: $visitjuan to 0) (set: $visitkarl to 0) (set: $ambiente to "council") (set: $assistant to "Giovanna, Chief of the Technical Office") (set: $ambiente to "Giovanna") (set: $progresso to 10) } After your election, you discussed this with some city councillors and decided to achieve these sustainable goals by investing in a public heat distribution system using renewable energies, following the suggestions of Councillor Giovanna. She is the Chief of the Technical Office and advised "What is more important to consider is long-term sustainability. I propose investing in a public heat distribution system using renewable energy to reduce costs, emissions, and ensure efficient heating for both residential and commercial areas." You listen carefully and reply "Your proposal sounds very interesting. Could we cooperate and elaborate on it [[further->How to decarbonise]] to make it work for everyone?" you understand that this is the closest proposal to what you expected to achieve and what you proposed in the election campaign. You are serene and dissolve the session.

This game has been developed by Marta Fatiga, Ivan Mosca, Marco Fenici in the project SAPHEA-Horizon Go [[back->Start]]. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X=")[<img src="https://immaginante.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/2/3/152314833/saphea-logo_orig.png"/>]

{ (set: $assistant to "...") (set: $ambiente to "council") } You take your time, and listen to what your councillors have to say. You give the word to... (if: $visitjuan is 0)[[[... Juan->Juan's proposal]], Councillor for Public Policy] (if: $visitkarl is 0)[[[... Karl->Karl's proposal]], Councillor for Communication] [[... Giovanna->Giovanna's proposal]], the Chief of the Tecnical Office.

{ (set: $policy to $policy +20) } “I see,” you say, then ask, “And regarding economic conditions, is there any market driver?” “Yeah, of course,” says Liz. “Most factors affecting geoHC networks are neutral, not strongly supporting or hindering project development, but they do require adaptation. However, after the energy and heating price crisis, elements like carbon pricing and heat purchase agreements have become increasingly important in making geoHC networks a more cost-effective solution for heating. But if you are interested you can find more documentation (link-repeat: "here")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123085095/D5.1_Regulatory+and+policy+framework.pdf?t=1724687948")]. "Well, then how can we [[proceed->Political readiness]]?", you ask.

{ (set: $assistant to "...") (set: $ambiente to "council") }You feel that you have gathered enough information to make a well-balanced decision. The perspectives shared during the discussion have given you a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities ahead. "I am very interested in geothermal energy," you state. " We should definitively consider establishing a geothermal-based public heat system to provide cost-effective heating during our mandate!" By the end of the session, the city council approves a motion for a geoDHC plant. While you are leaving the room, Giovanna turns to you: “Now that our motivation is secured, we should meet to discuss the implementation details. Let's [[meet in my office->Technical Office start]] next week."

{ (set: $financial to $financial +5) (set: $communities to 1) } "Energy communities," Jin seems very focused, "enable local communities from surrounding cities, consisting of building owners and individual consumers, to collaborate and invest in shared energy projects. The initiatives can be driven by private contracts, SMEs, public entities, or a combination, promoting community engagement and investment." "Please continue," you ask. "Let's examine this energy community business model (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "example", "of four municipalities in Bavaria, Germany. They are collaborating to establish a new geothermal heating company Geo Energie München Ost (GEMO), to develop an inter-communal geothermal heating project. GEMO will construct and operate a geothermal district heating system spanning the four communities. The company's startup capital is EUR 500,000, with contributions of 45% from Vaterstetten, 25% from Grasbrunn, 20% from Haar, and 10% from Zorneding. The total financial requirement for the project is EUR 50 million, divided in the same proportions")." "Well, after all this information I need a [[recap->Business Conclusions]]."

{(set: $city_on to 2) (if: $selectcompany is 0)[(set: $selectcompany to 1)(set: $companyname to (prompt: "What is the name of your company?", "company"))] (set: $position to "CEO") (set: $ambiente to "admin")} After being appointed CEO of the $companyname, you asked your innovation department to explore the world of geothermal energy because, if successful, you want to invest in it for the next years of your mandate and try to profit from it. You propose it to the [[council-> council start]].

{(set: $assistant to "Giovanna, Chief of the Technical Office") (set: $ambiente to "Giovanna") (set: $progresso to 10) }Giovanna, the Chief of the Technical Office, rises and says, "What is more important to consider is long-term sustainability. I propose investing in a public heat distribution system using renewable energy to reduce costs, emissions, and ensure efficient heating for both residential and commercial areas.” “In particular, my idea, is to adopt geothermal energy, which among renewable energy sources is the most suitable for the service. I propose to stabilize a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "DHC plant", "district heating and cooling is a system that delivers heat from a central source via insulated pipes to supply residential and commercial heating needs. Heat can come from various sources, including cogeneration plants, biomass, geothermal, heat pumps, solar, or waste heat from factories and nuclear plants")”. You listen carefully and reply: "Your proposal sounds very interesting..." * “... but before we elaborate on it, I'd like to [[hear what the other councillors have to say->Discussion among councillors]] as well," or * “... could you [elaborate on it further->Benefits of geothermal energy]]?"

{ (set: $tech to $tech +30) } "No problem, we can make a simulation. Let us assume that you have a [[sole heating]] plant which you would like to decarbonize", he says. "Instead", Ayman adds, "if you want to check more about scenarios you can click (link-repeat: "here")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084595/D2.2_Scenario+catalogue.pdf?t=1722425775")].

{ (set: $optimizing to 0) (set: $renewable to 0) } During planning, other possibilities are explored: - Optimisation of traditional heat distribution systems (topic to be further explored). - Other renewable sources, such as solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, etc. “There are many renewable energy sources, besides geothermal”, Giovanna says, “with different advantages and constraints. The interesting thing is adding a geothermal energy system alongside solar, sea, wind, biomass, and hydroelectric." Eventually, the suggested strategy is to combine geothermal energy with other sources and optimise existing networks. You go on to examine in depth the potential [[challenges to be faced]].

{ (set: $financial to $financial +10) (set: $model to 1) } “In conclusion”, Jin utters, “we can say that despite the growth of financing schemes, concerted efforts from European and national policymakers are crucial to expanding GeoDHC networks. This requires strong policy and financial frameworks, including legislative mandates, incentives for building refurbishment, support for renewable energy, assistance for vulnerable households, and the phase-out of fossil fuels. Technical assistance, capacity building, and workforce training are also vital for a successful energy transition. The systematic mapping of financing initiatives for GeoDHC was resource-intensive, highlighting the need for improved access to information. Centralized platforms offering an overview of funding programs could enhance the efficient use of resources.” "Finnaly," she says "if you feel like discovering other innovative financial models relevant for geoHC networks, there is this document named (link-repeat: "deliverable 4.4")[(open-url: "AGGIUNGERE LINK AGGIORNATO")] in which they are listed and explanied.” You thanks Jin and you go back to [[The Advisors' Square]] or to [[business model]] if you have not checked yet and you have the will.

{(set: $name to " ") (set: $position to " ") (set: $geo to "---") (set: $city_on to 0) (set: $city to "...") (set: $energy to "...") (set: $assistant to "...") (set: $progresso to 0) } { (if: $selectname is 0)[(set: $selectname to 1)(set: $name to (prompt: "What is your name?", "name"))] } Hello, $name! The story you are reading will help you discover how to exploit (text-style:"underline")[geothermal energy] at the benefits of private users and communities. You can read different stories to explore the point of view of different people interested in geothermal energy. Who would you like to be? The [[mayor->Mayor's intro]] of a city, or the CEO of an [[energy company->Energy company's intro]]?

{ (set: $assistant to "Advisor Jin") (set: $financial_on to 1) (set: $ambiente to "Jin") } MEET JIN, THE FINANCIAL ADVISOR "Hi $name, my name is Jin and I will help you to discover and understand some economic tools such as business and financial models." "Well," you say, "I think I need more information about the [[business model]]." (if: $model is 0)["Or maybe," you add, "talk to me about the [[financial model]]."] [[Otherwise, if you think you know enough about those things, you can always go back to->The Advisors' Square]].

{(set: $assistant to "Juan, Councillor for Public Policy") (set: $ambiente to "Juan") (set: $visitjuan to 1) }Councillor Juan emphasizes stricter energy rules, proposing a tax for households exceeding a certain threshold. You thank him: "What you proposed is quite interesting. However," you add, "I believe a deterrent measure should be combined with other actions, like reducing energy poverty. We should [[reconsider a more balanced approach->Discussion among councillors]] for the community."

{(set: $assistant to "Karl, Councillor for Communication") (set: $ambiente to "Karl") (set: $visitkarl to 1) }Councillor Karl stands and says, "While I understand the need for regulation, we should focus on encouraging citizens to adopt sustainable practices. For example, offering financial incentives for switching to renewable energy or reducing consumption." You nod, [[considering his perspective->Discussion among councillors]].

{ (set: $assistant to "Advisor Liz") (set: $progresso to $progresso +20) (set: $policy_on to 1) (set: $policy to 10) (set: $ambiente to "Liz") } MEET LIZ, THE POLICY ADVISOR After doing an economic feasibility check of your project you meet with the consultant Liz who introduces you to the (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "regulatory", "A regulatory framework is a set of rules, practices, and processes that financial institutions must follow when investing in sustainable projects and managing environmental risk.") and (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "policy", "A policy framework outlines procedures or goals guiding the planning, implementation, and evaluation of policies. It provides a foundation for coordinating decisions and actions among stakeholders to achieve shared objectives.") frameworks in the field of geoDHC. "Hi $name, nice to meet you, I'm Liz," she says. "I don’t know if you were aware of this, but there are several market drivers and barriers that can be identified for deploying geoHC networks. Anyone planning a district heating and cooling system should pay special attention to market drivers and barriers in the policy and regulatory framework." "Oh, interesting," you say. "I imagined there were barriers and drivers, but could you tell me more about the main market drivers in this context?" Liz nods, "Sure! There are mainly two categories: hindering factors and supporting factors, like the gas market, permits for geothermal energy, urban planning by local authorities, and sustainable energy action plans." [[Continue->Drivers and market barriers related to economic conditions]].

{ (if: $selectcity is 0)[(set: $selectcity to 1)(set: $city to (prompt: "What's the name of your city?", "city"))] (set: $city_on to 1) (set: $position to "Mayor") (set: $progresso to 1) (set: $ambiente to "office") } Hello! You are $name, the recently elected mayor of $city! During your election campaign as mayor of the city of $city you proposed to minimise (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "energy poverty", "energy poverty happens when people lack access to affordable, reliable energy, often affecting low-income and rural communities. It restricts basic needs like heating, cooling, clean cooking, and powering appliances, leading to health risks and social inequality. Solutions include improving access to renewable energy, expanding infrastructure, and subsidizing costs for vulnerable groups. Addressing energy poverty promotes a more equitable, sustainable future and reduces environmental impact.") among citizens, to (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "lower operating costs and to attract investors","investors in geothermal energy benefit from low operating costs since the heat is sourced directly from the Earth, unlike fossil fuel plants with ongoing fuel expenses. Advanced monitoring and automation systems reduce manual oversight, ensuring efficient maintenance and long-term operation. This cost structure allows investors to stay profitable even during market fluctuations, making geothermal energy an appealing and sustainable investment.") and to do this by trying to (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "decarbonize", "decarbonizing means reducing or eliminating CO2 emissions to combat climate change and promote sustainability. This involves shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and electrifying transportation. Sustainable urban planning, such as walkable neighborhoods and green spaces, also helps lower emissions. Other strategies include retrofitting buildings, promoting recycling, and using carbon capture methods like tree planting. Community engagement is essential for collective action to reduce carbon footprints and build a healthier, more resilient environment.") the city. But how could you do [[this->Council start]]?

{ (set: $optimizing to 1) } QUI MANCA UNA DESCRIZIONE DI COSA SIGNIFICA OTTIMIZZARE I SISTEMI TRADIZIONALI DI DISTRIBUZIONE DEL CALORE "However," she adds, "in order to increase the efficiency of the network", Giovanna says, "alongside the optimization of traditional systems I suggest to add a geothermal energy system". (if: $renewable is 0)["Sure," you reply, "talk to me [[about it->Renewable energy sources]]".] (else:)["Yes, after having considered all the options, I will stay focused [[on geothermal energy->End of council]]."

{ (set: $policy to $policy +30) } "In order to assess the political readiness of your social context, you can find a complete questionnaire (link-repeat: "here")[(open-url: "https://martafatiga.limesurvey.net/828817?lang=en")]. "Oh, interesting", you say, "and how can I use its results?". "To assess the readiness level", Liz continues, "a traffic light system has been chosen. Therefore, your country can be assigned a readiness score, grouped into three different labels. Accordingly: scoring (bg:red)[11-18 points] is considered insufficient, scoring (bg:yellow)[19-25 points] is considered improvable, and scoring (bg:lime)[26-33 points] is considered fully ready." You thank Liz for her contribution and move on to [[other advisors->The Advisors' Square]]; Liz also bids you farewell.

{(set: $regul to 1)} “Policy and regulatory hurdles play a major role,” Giovanna points out. “Geothermal energy doesn’t always get the attention it deserves. Aligning with initiatives like the (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "EU Green Deal", "The EU Green Deal aims for carbon neutrality by 2050, focusing on emission reduction, renewable energy, efficiency, biodiversity protection, sustainable agriculture, green finance, and a fair transition for communities and workers."), and the (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "RepowerEU Plan", "The REPowerEU Plan aims to reduce reliance on Russian energy, accelerate the renewable transition, diversify energy supplies, improve efficiency, and protect consumers from high prices, ensuring energy security and a green future.") is essential to create a supportive environment for geothermal projects." (if: $issues is 0)["We should also talk about [[technical issues->Technical issues (D2.1, part 1)]]."] (if: $socio is 0)["We should also see the [[socio-economic barriers->Socio-economic barriers]] to geothermal energy."] "I think we can [[proceed to the next phase->Technical Office conclusion]!"

{ (set: $policy to $policy +20) } The policy advisor asks if you know whether the nation of $city can be considered as [[politically ready->consideration]]. "[[Yes->The Advisors' Square]]", you answer. "[[I don't know->consideration]]", you answer.

{ (if: $bizconclusion is 0)[(set: $financial to $financial +10)] } "So what should I know before starting the project?", you ask. "Just a few things more", Jin says. "By looking at the evolving landscape just mentioned, it is possible to identify (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "six new key drivers shaping", " • Efficient plant operation; • HPAs (Heat Purchase Agreement); • Identifying geothermal resources • De-risking schemes; • Energy market liberalisation; • Changes in district heating regulations; ") innovative business model developments in geothermal projects." (if: $publicprivate is 0)["And I imagine that there are some documents that I can access", you suppose. "Sure! As proposed before, you can check deliverables (link-repeat: "deliverable 4.1")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084995/SAPHEA+D4.1+Status+report+on+business+models+relevant+for+geoHC+networks.pdf?t=1745409005")] and (link-repeat: "deliverable 4.3")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12303852295/SAPHEA+D4.3+Competitiveness+of+the+Development+of+business+model+blueprints+for+geoHC+networks+industry.pdf?t=1745409005")] of the SAPHEA project and/or check some [[examples]]."] "Okay, so if I choose to make the model just public, do I needt to involve citizens in this process with direct ownership?", you ask. "It depends," she replies,"on the type of cooperation you want to explore." (if: $communities is 0)[[[An energy community->Energy Communities]]?] (if: $localpublic is 0)[A [[local public company]]?]

{ (set: $financial to $financial +5) (set: $publicprivate to 1) } "The Public-Private partnership involves the development of geoHC projects through a framework between private companies and public entities, such as municipalities." "Let me guess", you interrupt her, "in this partnership there are several models for the collaboration between private companies and public entities to lead the project development, governance and project financing." "How did you understood it?", she is amazed. "Let's see a PPP business model case study, (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Vélizy-Villacoublay", "in 2019, the municipality of Vélizy-Villacoublay partnered with ENGIE Solutions to create Véligéo, a S.A.S ENR (Simplified Joint Stock Company for Renewable Energy). This company solidifies the local partnership between ENGIE Réseaux (holding an 80% share) and the Vélizy-Villacoublay Council (holding a 20% share). For the next 28 years, this local company will provide heat to the Vélizy district network and local industrial firms, with over 50% of the energy generated from renewable sources. The total investment in the project amounts to 22 million euros, including over 8 millions euros in subsidies from ADEME and the Ile-de-France Region")." "Well, after all this information I need a [[recap->Business Conclusions]]."

{ (set: $progresso to 20) (set: $renewable to 1) } “There are many renewable energy sources, besides geothermal”, Giovanna says, “with different advantages and constraints. The interesting thing is adding a geothermal energy system alongside solar, sea, wind, biomass, and hydroelectric." (if: $optimizing is 0)["Tell me more about [[optimizing traditional heat distribution systems->Optimizing traditional systems]]!"] "Let's [[stay focused on geothermal energy->End of council]]."

(append: ?SideBar)[\ (b4r:"dotted")+(b4r-colour:(hsl:60,0.8039,0.5,0.5))[ {(if: $city_on is 1)[(text-colour:green)[(text-style:"smear")[City:] $city]] (else-if: $city_on is 2)[(text-colour:green)[(text-style:"smear")[Company:]$companyname]]} (text-colour:green)[(text-style:"smear")[Name:] $position $name] (text-colour:green)[(text-style:"smear")[Assistant:] $assistant] (if: $geo is "---")[(text-colour:yellow)[(text-style:"smear")[Energy:] $geo]](else:)[(text-colour:green)[(text-style:"smear")[Energy:] $geo]] { (if: $tech is 0)[(text-colour:orange)+(text-style:"smear")[Technical:]] (else-if: $tech is 100)[(text-colour:green)+(text-style:"smear")[Technical:]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)+(text-style:"smear")[Technical:]] (if: $tech is 0)[(text-colour:orange)[$tech%]] (else-if: $tech is 100)[(text-colour:green)[$tech%]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)[$tech%]] } { (if: $policy is 0)[(text-colour:orange)+(text-style:"smear")[Policy:]] (else-if: $policy is 100)[(text-colour:green)+(text-style:"smear")[Policy:]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)+(text-style:"smear")[Policy:]] (if: $policy is 0)[(text-colour:orange)[$policy%]] (else-if: $policy is 100)[(text-colour:green)[$policy%]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)[$policy%]] } { (if: $societal is 0)[(text-colour:orange)+(text-style:"smear")[Societal:]] (else-if: $societal is 100)[(text-colour:green)+(text-style:"smear")[Societal:]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)+(text-style:"smear")[Societal:]] (if: $societal is 0)[(text-colour:orange)[$societal%]] (else-if: $societal is 100)[(text-colour:green)[$societal%]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)[$societal%]] } { (if: $financial is 0)[(text-colour:orange)+(text-style:"smear")[Financial:]] (else-if: $financial is 100)[(text-colour:green)+(text-style:"smear")[Financial:]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)+(text-style:"smear")[Financial:]] (if: $financial is 0)[(text-colour:orange)[$financial%]] (else-if: $financial is 100)[(text-colour:green)[$financial%]] (else:)[(text-colour:yellow)[$financial%]] } ] ]

{(set: $energy to "Geothermal") }Giovanna points out that geothermal infrastructure is ideal for municipal projects, as it is not as easily accessible to the individual citizen as solar. The discussion focuses on how to implement this technology at a city level, and the city council approves the creation of a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "geoDHC", "geothermal District Heating and Cooling") plant. The operational phase then begins with a technical meeting with Giovanna. "Furthermore," she adds, "investing in geothermal infrastructure creates jobs and ties into recycling, as it involves reusing resources” “That sounds promising!” you say. [[Continue..->Implementing a geothermal infrastructure]]

{(set: $socio to 1)} Giovanna pauses briefly before addressing the socioeconomic barriers. “The viability of business models is also a concern,” she says. “We need innovative approaches for sustainability. Stakeholder engagement is key, but we must prepare for resistance and challenges.” "That sounds interesting..." you say. "Well", she replies, "if you are interested, you can find more information (link-repeat: "in this document")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084395/D2.1_Market+Driver+Report.pdf?t=1722425775")] [SAPHEA Deliverable 2.1., Status report on key market drivers related to the implementation of geoHC network], which summarizes the key market drivers". (if: $issues is 0)["We should also talk about [[technical issues->Technical issues (D2.1, part 1)]]."] (if: $regul is 0)["We should also see the [[policy regulations->Policy regulations (D2.1, part 2)]] to geothermal energy."] "I think we can [[proceed to the next phase->Technical Office conclusion]!"

<h3>(align:"=><=")+(box:"X=")[(text-colour:#97ff0d)[(text-style:"bold","smear")[SAPHEA]] (text-style:"bold")[(text-colour:#d8f5a2)[Journey through the Market Uptake Hub]]]</h3> (align:"=><=")+(box:"X=")[<img src="https://immaginante.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/2/3/152314833/modern-city-300px_orig.png"/>] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X=")[[[START->Instruction]] [[Credits]]]

{ (set: $progresso to 100) (set: $ambiente to "office") } Here you are and welcome to the end of the game! The percentage scores you see below only reflect the statistics of content enjoyment in your game. They are not indicative of skill acquisition, but rather show the rate of content viewed and, by difference, what remains to be explored. - Technical information: $tech (if: $tech is 100)[Now you know what you need about technical advices.] (else:)[Probably you should go back and find more information about technical advices.] - Political information: $policy (if: $policy is 100)[Now you know what you need about political advices.] (else:)[Probably you should go back and find more information about political advices.] - Societal information: $societal (if: $societal is 100)[Now you know what you need about societal advices.] (else:)[Probably you should go back and find more information about societal advices.] - Financial information: $financial (if: $financial is 100)[Now you know what you need about societal advices.] (else:)[Probably you should go back and find more information about societal advices.] Thank you again for travelling with us on this simulation of implementing a geothermal plant. We hope it was useful for you to gain insights into aspects not always considered and to make in-depth considerations on others. We wish you a renewable and low-carbon future, if you need us you know where to find us! -(text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "SAPHEA")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/")]] website-

{ (set: $financial to $financial +5) } “It has been observed that a strong correlation exists between public expenditure on energy, building efficiency, population, final energy consumption, and gross floor area." "What correlation?", you [[ask]].

{ (set: $geo to "geothermal") (set: $model to 0) (set: $publicprivate to 0) (set: $localpublic to 0) (set: $communities to 0) (set: $bizconclusion to 0) } After analysing advantages, alternatives and critical issues, it is decided to proceed with the development of geothermal infrastructure in concrete terms. Giovanna provides a list of experts to support the project, and you agree to work with them to initiate the realisation of the plan. You feel that you have gathered enough information to make a well-balanced decision. The perspectives shared during the discussion have given you a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities ahead. "I am very interested in geothermal energy," you state. " We should definitely consider establishing a geothermal-based public heat system to provide cost-effective heating during our mandate!" "Thank you very much!" you conclude, "I will talk with them, and do whatever it takes." [[Continue to the advisors' square->The Advisors' Square]]

{ (set: $ambiente to "Giovanna") (set: $assistant to "Giovanna, Chief of the Technical Office") (set: $progresso to 30) (set: $socio to 0) (set: $regul to 0) (set: $issues to 0) } You spend a nice weekend with your family, taking some time off after the sprint of the electoral campaign. As Monday arrives, you rush full of energy to Giovanna’s office to start discussing how to create a geothermal energy infrastructure for your city. “While the benefits of geothermal energy are clear,” she begins, “there are several challenges we should now consider.” You listen intently as she explains her thoughts. "We can focus on three different domains: [[technical issues->Technical issues (D2.1, part 1)]], [[policy regulations->Policy regulations (D2.1, part 2)]], and [[socio-economic barriers->Socio-economic barriers]] to geothermal energy" she says. "What will you like to discuss first?"

{(set: $issues to 1)} “On the technical side, there are supply chain issues, like sourcing casing materials and securing drilling rigs. We’ll need a solid geothermal industrial action plan to streamline these processes and ensure resources are available,” Giovanna says. "Should we discuss something else?" (if: $regul is 0)["We should also talk about [[policy regulations->Policy regulations (D2.1, part 2)]]."] (if: $socio is 0)["We should also see the [[socio-economic barriers->Socio-economic barriers]] to geothermal energy."] "I think we can [[proceed to the next phase->Technical Office conclusion]!"

{ (set: $progresso to 20) (set: $ambiente to "office") }It's a new day of work! Sitting at your desk in the cityhall, you pick up the phone to carry on your project of creating a geothermal-based public heat system for your city. Who would you like to speak to? [[Ayman]], who is technical expert and who can assist you in supporting investment decisions and strategic planning, discovering potential scenarios for geoDHC plants, and navigating the spatial dataset catalog; [[Liz->Liz D5.1]], who has a political expertise will help you to asses the level of the documents and regulations are prepared to start the investment; [[Jin]], who has an economical expertise and will help you with the understanding of financial and business model, and [[Camille->Camille D5.2 Societal readiness]], who has a societal expertise and have a plan to check the socio-economic-environmental impact of your project. Otherwise, if you feel that you have all the information that you need, you can [[proceed->THE END]].

{ (set: $tech to $tech +20) } You can easily check some documents of the SAPHEA project, <i>SCENARIO CATALOGUE , Integration of Geothermal Energy into District Heating and Cooling Networks</i> is online at (link-repeat: "this link")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084595/D2.2_Scenario+catalogue.pdf?t=1722425775")] and then go back to [[Ayman]] if you are interested in other technichal issues or to [[The Advisors' Square]] if you want to discover other things.

{ (set: $financial to $financial +5) } "The correlation with financing schemes", Jin continues, "is weaker in the GeoDHC focus. But no significant link was found with financial indicators." “It turns out that countries with larger populations, have more built-up ground floor area, consume more energy overall, and tend to have higher public expenditure on energy efficiency in buildings. However, the link between public spending and the number of financing schemes specifically targeting geothermal district heating and cooling (GeoDHC), is weaker, while no clear link can be seen between financial indicators. Larger countries seem to focus their energy spending on scaling with population, while smaller countries appear to prioritise decarbonisation efforts. In federal countries this spending can be either centralized, like in Austria, or spread across multiple regional schemes, like in Belgium, which adds another layer of complexity.” "This is surprising", you notice. "Yes, $name", Jin confirms, "and no correlation was found with GDP per capita in PPS. Public spending for building efficiency did not correlate with Heating Degree Days (HDD), meaning colder countries with higher heating needs don’t focus on reducing energy consumption through public spending." "Should I take into account this?", you ask. "It is strongly correlated with total Final Energy Consumption (FEC) in buildings (0.87)", Jin nods, "but it showed no link with energy intensity per capita or per surface, nor with electricity and gas prices. The share of District Heating and Cooling (DHC) in FEC strongly correlated with HDD, with fewer schemes in countries with small or no district networks, and more in countries where DHC is common. Eventually, no significant correlation was found between public spending for building and industry efficiency and the financial indicators analysed". "[[In conclusion]]"?, you ask.

{ (if: $bizconclusion is 0)[(set: $financial to $financial +10)] } “Coherently with renewable energies,” Jin says, “I am going to show you a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "sustainable business model", "sustainable business model is the plan of a company for making a profit without depleting the natural, economic, and social capital the business relies on, this model creates, delivers, and captures value for all its stakeholders")." "Oh, thanks," you say, "I suspect I need more information about that". "The evolution of business models in the geothermal sector", Jin begins, "has been influenced by several (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "key factors", "key factors such as European legislation enacted since the 1990s to liberalise electricity and gas markets has been significant. Also, the climate and energy packages of 2020 and 2030 have fostered the development of renewable energy through supportive policies can be considered as key factors, as well as the current European economy. In fact, it has been characterised by the inflation of recent years, driven by rising hydrocarbon costs.")". "So where can I find a viable business model for geothermal plants?", you ask. "The SAPHEA project has produced a document named (link-repeat: "deliverable 4.1")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084995/SAPHEA+D4.1+Status+report+on+business+models+relevant+for+geoHC+networks.pdf?t=1745409005")] where are listed clear business models about geothermal energy. Moreover, in another document named (link-repeat: "deliverable 4.3")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12303852295/SAPHEA+D4.3+Competitiveness+of+the+Development+of+business+model+blueprints+for+geoHC+networks+industry.pdf?t=1745409005")] are listed other innovative business models relevant for geoHC networks.” "Can you give me some [[examples->Business model pt2]]?", you ask.

{ (set: $policy to $policy +20) } "In order to assess a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "political readiness", "the model proposed has the goal of providing a simplified tool to try to understand the readiness level of national legislation for the implementation of geoHC networks")", Liz explains, "there are several factors that should be taken into account". "Can you provide some examples?", you ask. "Surely, $name. Firstly, it is required to simplify the administrative procedures for central heating network installation. In order to do so, we have to reduce the licensing and start-up durations for geoHC networks. Finally, we will provide financial support for clean heating technologies in HC networks”. You seem interested, thus she continues: "Ok, now that you know more you should [[assess->PRScheme]] the $city political readiness".

{ (set: $financial to $financial +5) } “$name, imagine you are a municipality,” Jin says, “and you want to implement a geoDHC network, you can mainly choose among 3 business models. I will try to guide you in choosing the right model for your project." "Hey, I don't want to wait!", you smile at her again. "Let's imagine that you want to entrust to a private company with expertise in decarbonization via geothermal plant." "This is want I want, [[indeed->Public-Private partnership]]".

{ (set: $financial to $financial +10) } “The financial aspects taken into account can be investigated with an online survey”, Jin says, “for understanding the financing of a geoDHC project, the barriers and drivers of financing a geothermal DHC networks, and the pricing formulas”. You nodd and Robert adds: “if you are interest you can find all the information (link-repeat: "at this link")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12172180695/Watermarked+SAPHEA_D4_2_Status+report+on+financial+mechanisms_FINAL_Amended.pdf?t=1724687948")]". "In any cases", he says, "you have to deepen [[these findings->Tap here]]".

{(if: $ambiente is "council")[ (set: $council to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/council360.png") (print: '<img src="' + $council + '">') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Giovanna")[ (set: $Giovanna to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/giovanna360.png") (print: '<img src="' + $Giovanna + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Juan")[ (set: $Juan to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/juan-1.jpg") (print: '<img src="' + $Juan + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Karl")[ (set: $Karl to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/karl.png") (print: '<img src="' + $Karl + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "admin")[ (set: $admin to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/admin.png") (print: '<img src="' + $admin + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Ayman")[ (set: $Ayman to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ayman.png") (print: '<img src="' + $Ayman + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Camille")[ (set: $Camille to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/camille.jpg") (print: '<img src="' + $Camille + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Liz")[ (set: $Liz to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/liz.png") (print: '<img src="' + $Liz + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "Jin")[ (set: $Jin to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jin.png") (print: '<img src="' + $Jin + '" align=”right” />') ] (else-if: $ambiente is "office")[ (set: $office to "https://ivanmosca.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/office.png") (print: '<img src="' + $office + '" align=”right” />') ] }

{ (set: $societal to $societal +30) } "If you want to check directly with a survey we prepared, you can find it (link-repeat: "here")[(open-url: "https://martafatiga.limesurvey.net/348148?lang=en")]." "It's a lot of information", you notice. "Yes, it is the result of the (link-repeat: "SAPHEA")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/")] project efforts. Now you can go check if you were considering all aspects of the [[sustainability analysis]] that my colleagues and I consider as important as societal readiness", Camille concludes.

{ (set: $financial to $financial +5) (set: $localpublic to 1) } "The geoHC project, initiated by the municipality, is largely managed by the public entity." "Does it involves collaboration with private entities but within a structured legal framework to facilitate its development and financing?", you ask. "I see that you are learning, $name", she replies passionately. "You are right: public procurements regulate the acquisition of furniture and services, and the requests of works with calls for tenders. This model follows a traditional business approach, especially in Germany and France, where the city council oversees all project development phases, including project funding then exploration of the geothermal resources, drilling wells, subsurface engineering, surface installation of the heat plants and the heat grid, and operation & maintenance of the geoHC network." "Can you provide an example?", you ask. "Sure! A case study of local public companies (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "in Hauts-de-Seine (France)", "here, the three towns of Fontenay-aux-Roses, Sceaux, and Bourg-la-Reins, have come together to create a new local public company named GéoSud92 to develop a geoHC network across these municipalities. GéoSud92 will start its drilling operations in 2025 and progress to network development by 2026. The initial delivery of heat is anticipated by 2027, with an estimated project cost of approximately EUR 63 million to serve 15,000 households. The geoHC network will interconnect social housing, residential buildings, and public and commercial structures. Consumers are expected to benefit from competitively priced heating, projected at around EUR 100 per MWh. This rate represents a significant cost savings of 10 to 15% compared to current prices for individual gas heating as of 2024. Each consumer will pay a subscription fee l[Your Text Here]inked to the initial investment costs, ensuring stability over time. This fee is projected to constitute between 60% to 75% of the total utility bill, with additional expenses covering ongoing operational costs associated with the geoHC network")." "Well, after all this information I need a [[recap->Business Conclusions]]."

{ (set: $societal to $societal +30) } "In public discourse," Camille explains, "societal readiness is often seen as a public deficit, but the real question is: are people ready to adopt these technological advances?" "This is a crucial factor", you add. "In these situations, we need to be aware of four main factors," Camille affirms. "In particular, they are: stakeholder identification and engagement, public perception and awareness, environmental impact and sustainability, and social impacts. Would you have considered all these aspects?" "[[Sure->sustainability analysis]]", you say "[[Not yet->intermedio]]", you admit..

{ (set: $tech to $tech +20) } "In the case of a sole heating plant", Ayman says, "you should check the following technological options: (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Hydrothermal Direct Use - MT Network - B04", "The local community of Lendava, Slovenia, spans 123 km² in the Pomurje region and hosts one of Slovenia's few geothermal district heating systems. The production borehole Le-2g was drilled in 1994, and the reinjection borehole Le-3g in 2007. The system, which connects schools, a kindergarten, and multi-dwelling houses, has an installed capacity of about 2.7 MWth. The production temperature of the well is 74°C, while the network operates at temperatures ranging from 40-66°C."), (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Groundwater + central HP - MT/HT Network - B05", "Saclay, a former rural area west of Paris, now hosts one of Europe’s most advanced district energy systems. This system, which serves universities, private companies, and housing, relies on geothermal energy. A geothermal well doublet taps into a 30°C aquifer at 700 meters, feeding a medium-temperature network (15–30°C) extending over 6 km. Customers can reinject energy, including residual heat from data centers. The energy mix consists of 60% geothermal, 36% electricity, and 4% natural gas for backup. Thermal storage and heat pumps optimize energy use. By 2022, the district cooling capacity reached 15 MWth, and the heating system 37 MWth. Expansion continues until 2028."), (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Hydrothermal + HTHP - MT/HT Network - C02", "Geothermal heat has been used for heating in Riehen, Switzerland, since 1994. Thermal water’s energy is boosted by two heat pumps, transferring heat at temperatures of 60-90°C to the district heating network. The two boreholes, drilled in 1988, supply thermal water. Since 2000, geothermal energy has expanded to a local heating network between Riehen and Lörrach, Germany, with over 37 km of district heating pipelines. Heat is transferred to the network through heat exchangers, and peak load is covered by oil and gas boilers. Heat pumps and combined heat and power plants increase system capacity to 3,500 kilowatts.")". Now that you learnt something more about possible scenarios, you can go back to [[Ayman]] if you are interested in other technichal issues or to [[The Advisors' Square]] if you want to discover other things.

{ (set: $societal to 100) } "The fundamental aspect in these contexts is the analysis of project sustainability," Camille explains. "It’s based on three pillars: the social, the environmental, and the economical one. The (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "UNECE", "the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, a regional commission of the United Nations Economic and Social Council"). defines a project as viable if it meets socio-economic-environmental criteria, in addition to being technically feasible." "So do we need their approval?", you ask. "Not directly", she answer, "You can find (link-repeat: "here")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12303455795/SAPHEA+D5.2+Status+report+on+the+socio-environmentla+conditions+for+the+implementation+of+geoDHC+networks+in+Europe.pdf?t=1745396900")] a deepening of SAPHEA project related to sustainability." "Well, thank you", you say. "At this point", Camille concludes, "you should be able to [[continue->The Advisors' Square]] on the suggested path to implementing a GeoDHC, with a better understanding of the socio-environmental factors and their value in technological projects."

Welcome to the (text-colour:purple)[SAPHEA] adventure! Here you can find useful information on creating a geoDHC by choosing to be either the mayor of a city or the CEO of an energy company and being guided step by step through the plausible experience routes of one or the other character. But before you start, we should give you some brief instructions: (text-colour:blue)[Blue] words: allow you to proceed in the story by clicking on them (if there are several options, choose the one most interesting to you and your path); (text-colour:lime)[Green] words: function as a glossary and show the definition; (text-colour:magenta)[Pink] words will open an external link in a new tab; (text-colour:#e2e3e1)[Arrows top left of the screen]: these are not to navigate the game, but only used in an emergency to go back because, for instance, you have clicked wrong (if you use them, you may risk resetting some settings). You don't have to go through every section of the game to finish it, but it is recommended to have a look at it to get an idea of the completeness of the procedure. Trust the process! Now you can [[start the story->Introduction]]

{ (set: $ambiente to "Giovanna") (set: $assistant to "Giovanna, Chief of the Technical Office") (set: $progresso to 30) (set: $socio to 0) (set: $regul to 0) (set: $issues to 0) } A few days later, you pick up the conversation with the chief of the technical office of the municipality of $city, and she picks up the conversation, justifying what she announced in the past council meeting “In particular, my idea is to adopt geothermal energy, which among renewable energy sources is the most suitable for the service. I, moreover, propose to stabilize a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "DHC plant", "district heating and cooling is a system that delivers heat from a central source via insulated pipes to supply residential and commercial heating needs. Heat can come from various sources, including cogeneration plants, biomass, geothermal, heat pumps, solar, or waste heat from factories and nuclear plants")”. “Could you [[elaborate on it further->Benefits of geothermal energy]]?" you ask.

“How would we begin to implement such a system, and what would the initial costs look like?” you ask. Giovanna lists three main areas to be considered for implementation: - Technical: difficulties related to the supply chain (e.g. materials and drilling equipment), for which a specific business plan is needed. - Regulatory: geothermal energy is not yet sufficiently promoted; alignment with European policies such as the (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "Green Deal")[(open-url: "https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en")]] and the (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "REPowerEU")[(open-url: "https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en")]] needed to create a favourable environment. - Socio-economic: need for sustainable business models, stakeholder involvement and management of possible resistance. In fact, Giovanna pauses briefly before addressing the socioeconomic barriers. “The viability of business models is also a concern,” she says. “We need innovative approaches for sustainability. Stakeholder engagement is key, but we must prepare for resistance and challenges.” "That sounds interesting..." you say. "Well", she replies, "if you are interested, you can find more information (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "in the document of SAPHEA Deliverable 2.1.")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084395/D2.1_Market+Driver+Report.pdf?t=1722425775")]], which is the Status report on key market drivers related to the implementation of geoHC network and which summarizes the key market drivers". go to [[the conclusion of this council part->Technical Office conclusion]]

After your election, you discussed this with the board of $companyname directors. You decided to achieve the goal of increasing external incentives, attracting new investors and customers and further improving the company’s image by investing in a heating and cooling distribution system using renewable energies, focusing on geothermal. The council seems enthusiastic and agrees with you, and you state that you have already asked the innovation department to take care of it. Giovanna is the chief of the Innovation Office and advised, "One of the most important things to consider is long-term sustainability. I think it is useful to invest in a public heating distribution system using renewable energy to: ensure efficient heating for both residential and commercial areas, reduce both costs for clients and emissions, which nowadays are very important for buyers." You listen carefully and reply, "Thank you, Giovanna, your research and brief presentation sound interesting. At the [[next meeting]], we will discuss this in depth!" Dissolve the council meeting with the approval of the members.

A few days later, you pick up the conversation with the innovation office of the $companyname. Giovanna picks up the conversation, deepening what she announced in the past assembly: “According to the research the team and I conducted, we found some important aspects to take into account for implementation.” You nod and ask for continuation. “In particular,” she says, “geothermal energy, among renewable energy sources, is the most suitable for the services we offer. Here are some advantages of geothermal energy:” Giovanna shows her slides and introduces the benefits of geothermal energy, describing it as: - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Efficient", "Efficient for heating and cooling, with a high COP (Coefficient of Performance) of 3 to 5. It requires minimal energy, and has low operating and maintenance costs"); - (colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Reliable and constantly available", "Reliable and constantly available, powered by the Earth's constant internal heat. Unlike solar or wind energy, it’s reliable 24/7, using heat from radioactive decay and core temperature for heating, cooling, and power generation, therefore representing a sustainable solution for long-term use"); - (colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Quiet", "Quiet, non-invasive and suitable for urban contexts. It doesn’t need large spaces and operates silently, making it perfect for urban and residential areas."). "Does it require little maintenance over time, right?" you ask. "Exactly! It’s durable, safe and with low operating and maintenance costs. All beneficial effects," she replies enthusiastically. “I, moreover, propose” says Giovanna “to propose to our clients to stabilize a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "DHC plant", "district heating and cooling is a system that delivers heat from a central source via insulated pipes to supply residential and commercial heating needs. Heat can come from various sources, including cogeneration plants, biomass, geothermal, heat pumps, solar, or waste heat from factories and nuclear plants")”. “Could you [[elaborate on it further->benefits of geothermal energy]]?" you ask.

"As we know,” Giovanna states “district heating is a central heating system that transports heat from a production plant to buildings and homes/workplaces through a network of underground pipes. First of all, for our customers, it might be convenient because of the possible economic benefits, but they might also be interested in energy efficiency, emission reduction, and environmental sustainability.” “And you should know”, she adds, “that geothermal energy has also social benefits! Would you like to [[learn more about these]], or understand [[what to consider to implement a geothermal infrastructure]]?"

Giovanna points out that geothermal infrastructure is ideal for municipal projects, in which you, among others, are experts, as it is not as easily accessible to the individual citizen as solar. The discussion focuses on how to implement this technology at a city level, and as an example, how to propose the creation of a (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "geoDHC", "geothermal District Heating and Cooling") plant to the local city council. "Furthermore," she adds, "investing in geothermal infrastructure creates jobs and ties into recycling, as it involves reusing resources, and we can suggest this to our clients with feedback in social” “That sounds promising!” you say. [[continue->what to consider to implement a geothermal infrastructure]]

During planning, other possibilities are explored: - Optimisation of traditional heat distribution systems (topic to be further explored). - Other renewable sources, such as solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, etc. “As we know, there are many renewable energy sources, besides geothermal”, Giovanna says, “with different advantages and constraints. The interesting thing is adding a geothermal energy system alongside solar, sea, wind, biomass, and hydroelectric." Eventually, the suggested strategy is to propose to clients to combine geothermal energy with other sources and optimise existing networks. In this way, you could have a look at the possibilities of European or national incentives by meeting the (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "Green Deal")[(open-url: "https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en")]] and the (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "REPowerEU")[(open-url: "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/it/policies/repowereu/")]] goals. You go on to examine in depth the potential [[challenges]] to be faced.

“The viability of business models is also a concern,” Giovanna says, “we need innovative approaches for sustainability. Stakeholder engagement is key, but we must prepare for resistance and challenges.” "That sounds interesting..." you say, “I didn’t think about these possibilities”. "Well", she replies, "if you are interested, you can find more information (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "in the document of SAPHEA Deliverable 2.1.")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12123084395/D2.1_Market+Driver+Report.pdf?t=1722425775")]], which is the Status report on key market drivers related to the implementation of geoHC network, and which summarizes the key market drivers". “What is (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "SAPHEA")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/")]]?” you ask. “It is an European Horizon project aimed at raising awareness and incentivising the use of geothermal”, she replies. Now go to [[Innovation Office Conclusion]].

After analysing the advantages, alternatives and critical issues of geothermal infrastructure in concrete terms. Giovanna provides a [[list of experts->The Advisors' Square]] to support the project, and you agree to work with them to initiate the realisation of the plan. You feel that Giovanna has gathered enough information to make a well-balanced a balanced choice of path to take. The perspectives shared during the discussion have given you a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities ahead. "I am very interested in geothermal energy," you state. " We should definitely consider establishing a geothermal-based public heat system to provide cost-effective heating during our mandate!"

Ayman opens a presentation he had prepared on his PC, and continues "Then the catalogue of collected datasets is shown and it is divided into: - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Pan-European public datasets", "Pan-European public datasets e.g. topographic, hydrogeological, geothermal data, natural hazards") including: (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "NASA Earthdata")[(open-url: "https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/topics/land-surface/topography")]] for topographic data; (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "EGDI")[(open-url: "https://www.europe-geology.eu/")]] for aquifer depths, aquifer types; (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "Zenodo")[(open-url: "https://zenodo.org/")]] looking for: heat flows, underground temperatures; and (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "GeoDH Project and Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe ")[(open-url: "http://geodh.eu/geodh-map/")]]: historical data and maps of geothermal potential. - (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Local datasets collected by project partners", "Local datasets collected by project partners in Germany Germany (Bavaria): maps of heat pump potential, vertical/horizontal heat exchangers, Poland Poland (Krakow): data on thermal conductivity, temperatures and structural characteristics and Austria Austria: characteristics of geothermal reservoirs (temperature, depth, salinity, porosity"). -Technical analysis with parameters collected from (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "6 European cities", "6 European cities: Aarhus (DK), Cornwall (UK), Krakow (PL), Nice Monferrato (IT), Vienna (AT), Munich (DE)"). -(text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Key parameters", "Key parameters: reservoir depth, geothermal gradients, well flow rate, operating and investment costs.")." "Eventually," he underlines "the datasets are used both for geothermal analysis and for visualisation on interactive maps." "What about [[methodology for assessing geothermal potential]]?" you ask. "Relevant question" he says

"First" he says "definition of scenarios (e.g. (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "use of surface aquifers", "Surface aquifers (open-loop): - Shallow aquifers (<100 m) used for heating/cooling. - Need to know: depth, thickness, temperature, permeability. - Beware of protected zones or hydraulic risks. - Ideal for decentralised systems."), (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "vertical exchangers", "vertical heat exchangers (BHE): - Vertical geothermal probes (50-200+ m), closed loop. - Dependent on: thermal conductivity, temperature, presence of water table. - Suitable almost everywhere, with local verification. - Used in homes, offices, schools."), and (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "deep reservoirs", "deep reservoirs: deep reservoirs: - Deep hot water tanks (>30 °C). - Need to know: thickness, permeability, temperature. - Require deep boreholes. - For district heating networks and industrial plants.")). If it is not clear what I am talking about, please visit [[possible scenario->2.2]] first and then come back." Ayman affirms. "Then" he states "you choose the approach qualitative (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "Qualitative approach", "Qualitative approach: - assesses subsurface suitability without energy calculations. - uses simple data: depth, extent, temperature, restrictions. - useful for large-scale preliminary planning") (suitability of an area) and (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "quantitative approach", "quantitative approach: - provides numerical values on thermal potential; - requires detailed data (permeability, temperature, etc.); - useful for technical and local feasibility studies.") (calculation of the amount of thermal energy that can be extracted)." "And finally," Ayman asserts " you should choose tools, the report suggests some tools and methods: (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "TAP method", "TAP Method: - estimates the technical flow rate that can be extracted from aquifers (open-loop); - considers distance between wells, permeability, thickness, temperature; - used for open-loop scenarios, e.g. Munich and Energieatlas Bayern.") for open-loop systems. (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "G.POT method", "G.POT Method: - calculates extractable energy from BHE (100 m); - uses temperature, conductivity, probe configuration; - applied in Piedmont for spatial evaluation."), and (text-colour:lime)(cycling-link: "VDI 4640 ", "VDI 4640 - german guideline for dimensioning vertical probes; - estimates energy per metre based on soil and requirements; - good for preliminary projects in residential contexts.") for vertical heat exchangers." "As the very last step, deliverable 2.3 of the SAPHEA project" the expert declares "talk about [[data accessibility]]" You are interested and want to know where you can find them.

All datasets are (or will be) accessible via: 1. GitLab of SAPHEA when aviable 2. (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "EuroGeoSurveys/EGDI")[(open-url: "https://eurogeosurveys.org/projects/egdi/")]] 3. (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "SAPHEA market uptake hub")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/")]] If you are interested, the complete deliverable can be found at the following link: (text-colour:magenta)[(link-repeat: "D2.3 SAPHEA")[(open-url: "https://www.saphea.eu/app/download/12303451895/SAPHEA+D2.3+Catalogue+of+spatial+datasets.pdf?t=1745397168")]] otherwise you can go back to [[Ayman]] if you are interested in other technichal issues or to [[The Advisors' Square]] if you want to discover other things.